大功率直流穩壓電源的使用方法和維護
大(da)功率直流(liu)穩壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)方法(fa)很簡(jian)單，使(shi)用(yong)時，應(ying)(ying)(ying)注意所需(xu)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)極性。如果需(xu)要(yao)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，則應(ying)(ying)(ying)將(jiang)大(da)功率直流(liu)穩壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)端了-接(jie)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)的(de)地“-”端，將(jiang)端子“+”接(jie)所需(xu)正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)端。如果需(xu)要(yao)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，則需(xu)把上述接(jie)線方法(fa)反一下即可(ke)。通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前(qian)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)萬用(yong)表(biao)測(ce)量一下，檢查(cha)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)是否符合使(shi)用(yong)要(yao)求，以免電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)過高損壞(huai)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)。為了使(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)能(neng)正常工(gong)作(zuo)，不致因(yin)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)性能(neng)不佳，而(er)影響用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)穩定可(ke)靠(kao)地工(gong)作(zuo)，作(zuo)用(yong)穩壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)前(qian)，最好將(jiang)它簡(jian)單地測(ce)試(shi)一下。測(ce)試(shi)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)內(nei)容有：輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)調節范圍、穩定水平(ping)、紋波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和過流(liu)保護等(deng)。
(一)大功率直流(liu)穩壓電(dian)源(yuan)檢修程序
1.測量整(zheng)流輸出電(dian)壓
在各種直流(liu)穩(wen)壓電(dian)(dian)源中(zhong)都有一組或一組以上的整流(liu)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓，如果這(zhe)些(xie)整流(liu)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓有一組不正(zheng)常(chang)，則穩(wen)壓電(dian)(dian)源將會出(chu)現(xian)各種故障。因此，檢修時，要首先測量有關的整流(liu)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓是否正(zheng)常(chang)。
2.檢查電路(lu)的工作(zuo)點(dian)
若(ruo)整流電(dian)(dian)壓輸出(chu)和(he)有(you)關的(de)電(dian)(dian)子器件都正常，則應進一步檢(jian)查(cha)電(dian)(dian)路的(de)工作(zuo)點。對晶(jing)體管來說(shuo)，它(ta)的(de)集電(dian)(dian)極和(he)發射極之間要(yao)有(you)一定的(de)工作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)壓，基極與發射極之間的(de)偏(pian)置電(dian)(dian)壓，其極性應符合要(yao)求，并保證(zheng)工作(zuo)在放大區。
3.測試電子器件
如果(guo)整流電壓輸出正(zheng)常，而輸出穩壓不正(zheng)常，則需進一步(bu)測試調整管、放大(da)管等(deng)的性能是否(fou)良好(hao)，電容有否(fou)擊穿短(duan)路或開路，如果(guo)發現有損壞、變值的器件，通常更新后即可使大(da)功率直流穩壓電源(yuan)恢復正(zheng)常。
4.分析電路原理
如(ru)果發現某個(ge)晶體管(guan)的(de)工作點電壓(ya)不正常，有兩種可能：一是(shi)該(gai)晶體管(guan)損(sun)壞(huai);二(er)是(shi)電路中其它元件損(sun)壞(huai)所致。這時(shi)就必須(xu)仔細地根據電路原理圖(tu)來分析發生問題的(de)原因，進一步查明損(sun)壞(huai)、變值(zhi)的(de)元器件。
5.表面初步檢查
各(ge)種大功率直流穩壓電源一般(ban)都(dou)裝(zhuang)有(you)(you)過載或(huo)短路(lu)保護的熔(rong)(rong)斷絲(si)以及輸(shu)入輸(shu)出接線柱(zhu)，應先檢查熔(rong)(rong)斷絲(si)有(you)(you)否(fou)(fou)熔(rong)(rong)斷或(huo)松(song)脫，接線柱(zhu)有(you)(you)否(fou)(fou)松(song)脫或(huo)對(dui)地短路(lu)，電壓指示表(biao)的表(biao)針有(you)(you)否(fou)(fou)卡阻。然后打(da)開機殼蓋(gai)板，查看電源變壓器有(you)(you)否(fou)(fou)焦(jiao)味或(huo)發(fa)霉(mei)，電阻、電容有(you)(you)否(fou)(fou)燒焦(jiao)、霉(mei)斷、漏液(ye)、炸裂等明顯(xian)的損壞現象。
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