上網本電源管理系統的設計挑戰及解決方案
上網本(ben)的電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)管(guan)理系(xi)統(tong)可分(fen)為以(yi)下幾部分(fen)：1. 電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)和(he)管(guan)理；2. CPU 處理器供(gong)電(dian)(dian)；3.系(xi)統(tong)5V/3.3V供(gong)電(dian)(dian)；4. I/O和(he)顯卡供(gong)電(dian)(dian)；5. 顯示背光供(gong)電(dian)(dian)；6. DDR存儲器供(gong)電(dian)(dian)。
我們如果把上(shang)網本(ben)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的要求與筆(bi)記(ji)(ji)本(ben)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦(nao)和MID、智能手機等相(xiang)比較(jiao)：與主流筆(bi)記(ji)(ji)本(ben)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦(nao)相(xiang)比，上(shang)網本(ben)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池一般(ban)是2到3節，CPU及I/O功耗較(jiao)低(di)，輸入適(shi)配器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓是19V或(huo)者(zhe)12V、16V。而筆(bi)記(ji)(ji)本(ben)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦(nao)適(shi)配器(qi)輸入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓一般(ban)是19V，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池一般(ban)是3節以上(shang)。從(cong)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式看(kan)兩(liang)者(zhe)比較(jiao)相(xiang)似。MID與智能手機功耗較(jiao)上(shang)網本(ben)低(di)，一般(ban)采(cai)用PMU（集成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)管理器(qi)件）供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池一般(ban)是1到2節。
與常(chang)見筆(bi)記(ji)本(ben)電腦相(xiang)比(bi)，上(shang)網(wang)本(ben)的一個主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)特別點是其(qi)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的工(gong)作電壓更(geng)低，同(tong)(tong)時又需(xu)要(yao)(yao)很大的工(gong)作電流。因此上(shang)網(wang)本(ben)的主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)電源管理(li)(li)(li)設計挑(tiao)戰是如(ru)何解決主(zhu)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的供電問題。目前英(ying)特爾(er)ATOM處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)ARM架(jia)構的處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)都有一定的市場，針對這(zhe)兩(liang)種處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，電源管理(li)(li)(li)略有不(bu)同(tong)(tong)。ATOM采(cai)用X86架(jia)構，功耗(hao)較(jiao)(jiao)ARM架(jia)構高，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)VID（Voltage Identification）調節(jie)核電壓，比(bi)如(ru)Intel Atom 采(cai)用IMVP6+ 7位DAC VID 供電管理(li)(li)(li)，采(cai)用單相(xiang)或兩(liang)相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)步降壓DC/DC變(bian)換(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。而ARM處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)功耗(hao)較(jiao)(jiao)X86低，一般不(bu)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)VID調節(jie)，采(cai)用單相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)步DC/DC變(bian)換(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。
關于(yu)上網(wang)本是采(cai)取分立式的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)管理(li)(li)還是集(ji)(ji)(ji)成在(zai)同(tong)一(yi)個(ge)芯片(pian)中(zhong)的(de)(de)問題(ti)，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)分立式還是集(ji)(ji)(ji)成方式與負載點(dian)(POL)電(dian)(dian)流和電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)有關。CPU處理(li)(li)器由于(yu)其低(di)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)大電(dian)(dian)流(約1V，10A-20A)，一(yi)般采(cai)用(yong)(yong)分立方式比較合(he)理(li)(li)。但對于(yu)I/O、背光以及DDR供電(dian)(dian)，可以考慮采(cai)用(yong)(yong)高(gao)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)方案。隨著上網(wang)本集(ji)(ji)(ji)成度愈來愈高(gao)，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)管理(li)(li)會是一(yi)個(ge)趨勢(shi)之一(yi)。
目前TI針對(dui)(dui)(dui)上(shang)網本的(de)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)解決(jue)方案包括：針對(dui)(dui)(dui)核(he)心(xin)處理(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)單相(xiang) D-CAP+同步降(jiang)壓控制器(qi)(qi)(qi)TPS51610、針對(dui)(dui)(dui)系(xi)統電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)具(ju)有(you)(you) Out-of-AudioT 操作和(he)100mA LDO的(de)雙路同步降(jiang)壓控制器(qi)(qi)(qi)TPS51125、針對(dui)(dui)(dui)I/O和(he)圖形處理(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)輕(qing)載效率(lv)優化(hua)的(de)寬輸入電(dian)(dian)壓同步降(jiang)壓控制器(qi)(qi)(qi)TPS51117、針對(dui)(dui)(dui)DDR1/DDR2/DDR3存儲器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)轉換開關和(he)LDO TPS51116、具(ju)有(you)(you)2A FET的(de)獨(du)立(li)同步開關模式鋰(li)離(li)子充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)BQ24103A、具(ju)有(you)(you)低輸入電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)檢測功能的(de)主機控制的(de)多化(hua)合物(wu)電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)BQ24705、以及0.7A/2.7-5.5V單路高側MOSFET、具(ju)有(you)(you)故(gu)障報告(gao)和(he)工作態低電(dian)(dian)平啟用(yong)功能TPS2041/TPS2051。
TPS51125 是(shi)一款針(zhen)對具(ju)有內部 3.3V 與 5V LDO 的(de)筆記本(ben)系統電源的(de)低(di)成本(ben)、雙通道(dao)、同(tong)步降壓(ya)控(kong)(kong)制器(qi)解決方案(an)。采用(yong) D-CAPTM 自適應實時控(kong)(kong)制架構(gou)，可支持輕(qing)(qing)負(fu)載時的(de)高效(xiao)率以及快速的(de)瞬態(tai)響應。該器(qi)件(jian)集(ji)成的(de) Out-of-Audio 操(cao)作提(ti)高了(le)噪聲性(xing)能。該器(qi)件(jian)的(de)輸(shu)入電源電壓(ya)范圍為 5.5V～42V，輸(shu)出電壓(ya)范圍為 2V～5.5V。TPS51125 可用(yong)于筆記本(ben)電腦(nao)和輕(qing)(qing)負(fu)載電池(chi)供電的(de)設備。
目前(qian)TI電(dian)源管(guan)理產(chan)品(pin)在筆(bi)記本電(dian)腦(nao)和上(shang)網本市場均具有很高市場占有率(lv)。針對上(shang)網本，TI將提供(gong)整體解決方案(an)，為(wei)客戶提供(gong)性能和價格上(shang)具有競爭力的電(dian)源管(guan)理產(chan)品(pin)。
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